Several different ways that RNA transcript is modified before it is translated into a protein?

This is for a AP biology practice essay.


I'm having a really hard time with this, and I'm still looking around sites and stuff but it would be really great if someone could help me out a bit, even just an outline of what to talk about.


Please help!Several different ways that RNA transcript is modified before it is translated into a protein?
I will use the term pre-mRNA to describe the RNA transcript before modification.





Introns are spliced out of pre-mRNA. These are sequences that do not code for actual amino acids during translation. The parts of the premRNA that are not cut, called the exons, are re-binded to each other.





A 5' cap is placed on the pre-mRNA. This 5' cap includes a modified guanosine triphosphate, and several of the nucleotides near the 5' pre-mRNA end are methylized. This cap functions in the cell's recognition of the mRNA sequence.





A poly adenine tail is added to the 3' end. At the 3' end of premRNA, several nucleotides are cut off, and anywhere from 200 - 300 adenine nucleotides are added to this end. This tail also functions in the cell's recognition of the pre-mRNA, and serves as a buffer so that the vital mRNA information is not degraded in the cytoplasm.